古格王国遗址（Guge Kingdom Site），位于西藏自治区阿里地区札达县札布让村象泉河畔的一座土山上，占地约1.8万平方千米，整个遗址建筑共有房屋洞窟300余处、佛塔（高10余米）3座、寺庙4座、殿堂2间及地下暗道2条，分上、中、下三层，依次为王宫、寺庙和民居。外围建有城墙，四角设有碉楼。在其红庙、白庙及轮回庙的雕刻造像及壁画中不乏精品。
古格王国是在公元十世纪前后，由吐蕃王朝末代赞普朗达玛的重孙吉德尼玛衮在王朝崩溃后，率领亲随逃往阿里建立起来的。十世纪中叶至十七世纪初，古格王国雄踞西藏西部，弘扬佛教，抵御外侮，在西藏吐蕃王朝以后的历史舞台上扮演了重要角色。曾经有过七百年灿烂的文明史的古格王国，它的消逝至今仍是个谜。
传说明崇祯三年（1630年），与古格同宗的西部邻族拉达克人发动了入侵战争，古格王国就此灭亡。 古格王国遗址各殿内望板及四壁上有彩绘壁画，画风自成一体，有较高的艺术及历史价值，在西藏美术史上占有重要地位。
遗址内几座建筑在彩绘、泥塑、雕刻艺术等是古格王国时期遗留下来的完整作品，是古格建筑及艺术的代表。为了抵御外部入侵，古格王国把都城和一些下属治所都建成一个个军事据点，尤其是都城的军事防卫设施建筑，对研究西藏古建筑中的防卫设施提供详实资料。
The Gugé Kingdom Ruins (古格王朝遗址) are perched atop a prominent earth hill within the Zhada Earth Forest. It stands as one of Tibet's most mysterious, visually stunning, and historically significant archaeological sites.
History and Mysterious Decline
Origins: Around the 10th century, following the collapse of the unified Tubo Empire, a branch of the royal family fled to the remote Ngari region and established this independent, powerful kingdom.
Golden Age: The Gugé Kingdom flourished for over 700 years. It controlled crucial trade routes between Tibet and India and played a pivotal role in the revival of Tibetan Buddhism (the Later Diffusion period).
Sudden Disappearance: Around 1630, a combination of religious friction, internal betrayal, and a brutal invasion by the neighboring Ladakh Kingdom brought Gugé to a sudden end. Tens of thousands of citizens seemingly vanished overnight, leaving behind a massive, silent citadel.
Layout of the Ruins
The ruins climb over 170 meters up the hillside, arranged in a strict social hierarchy from bottom to top:
Lower Level (The Commons): Comprises over 300 caves dug directly into the soft earth matrix, which served as living quarters for commoners, soldiers, and slaves.
Middle Level (The Temples): Features several well-preserved structures, including the Red Temple, White Temple, Tara Temple, and Samsara Temple. Their interior murals, clay sculptures, and wood carvings remain incredibly vivid, blending Tibetan, Indian, and Nepalese artistic styles into what is known as "Ngari's Art Treasure Trove."
Top Level (The Royal Palace): Known as the "Winter Palace," this summit complex housed the king's assembly halls and private quarters. It is accessible only via a single, easily defended secret tunnel carved straight up through the rock.
遗址建筑布局古格遗址依山而建，高达170多米，从下到上有着严格的阶级划分：
底层（平民区）：由 300多个洞窟 组成，是当时平民和奴隶居住的场所。
中层（寺庙区）：保留有红殿、白殿、度母殿、轮回殿等。殿内的壁画、泥塑和雕刻保存极其完好，融合了西藏、印度和尼泊尔的艺术风格，被称为“阿里的艺术宝库”。
顶层（王宫区）：也就是“冬宫”，包括国王的议事厅和居室。顶端地势险要，只有一条狭窄的石道和暗道可以通往，易守难攻。
 |
| Day 8 |
No comments:
Post a Comment